The Fund supports networks of state health policy decision makers to help identify, inspire, and inform policy leaders.
The Milbank Memorial Fund supports two state leadership programs for legislative and executive branch state government officials committed to improving population health.
The Fund identifies and shares policy ideas and analysis to advance state health leadership, strong primary care, and sustainable health care costs.
Keep up with news and updates from the Milbank Memorial Fund. And read the latest blogs from our thought leaders, including Fund President Christopher F. Koller.
The Fund publishes The Milbank Quarterly, as well as reports, issues briefs, and case studies on topics important to health policy leaders.
The Milbank Memorial Fund is is a foundation that works to improve population health and health equity.
September 1975 (Volume 53)
Quarterly Article
Sondra Z. Koff
Jun 16, 2025
Jun 10, 2025
Back to The Milbank Quarterly
This paper deals with the system of emergency medical services in Italy. More specifically, it is a case study of the organization and operation of this system in the region of Tuscany. Recent decentralization decrees have established regional governments with major responsibilities for health care, including emergency medical services. The effects of a long history of social and political cleavages on provision of these services at the regional level are presented and discussed. The paper concludes that prospects for rational reform of emergency care services are dim.
Author(s): Sondra Z. Koff
Download the Article
Read on JSTOR
Volume 53, Issue 3 (pages 377–401) Published in 1975
