Primary Care Network Archive

The Milbank Memorial Fund supported two now-archived primary care networks: the Multipayer Primary Care Network and the Medicaid Transformation Network.

For over a decade, the Multipayer Primary Care (MPC) Network provided a forum for members involved in multipayer primary care transformation to share data, participate in collaborative learning, and advocate for improved collaboration between the states and the federal government on new and ongoing initiatives. Payers in 30 states or regions were represented at various times, with a maximum 150 participants (~60 active).  The MPC was disbanded in February 2024. Given the dwindling number of participants due to lower payer involvement in CMMI Primary Care models and our sharper focus on historically marginalized and underserved populations, this decision was consistent with the Fund’s new focus on health equity.

The MPC supported the following Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Center (CMMI) primary care models:

  • Multipayer Advanced Primary Care Practice Demonstration (2011-2016)
  • Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative (2012-2016)
  • Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (2017-2022)
  • Primary Care First (2020-present)

The Medicaid Transformation Network was a voluntary collaborative of State Medicaid Agencies actively engaged in multipayer efforts to create and sustain high-quality primary care for their citizens.  It focused on multipayer value-based payment and on measuring progress towards health equity goals.

The participating states included Arkansas, Connecticut, Maryland, North Carolina, Oregon, Virginia, Vermont and Washington, represented by approximately 20 State Medicaid Agency leaders.

The network was disbanded in December 2023, when the Milbank Making Care Primary (MCP) Network was established at the request of CMMI leadership.

Primary Care Networks

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Resource Types

Blog Post

Data That Can Drive Primary Care Investment

September 2026
Aamir Mansoor and Joe Telano
A new report from the Primary Care Development Corporation (PCDC), developed with input from the Primary Care Investment Network (PCIN), examines how states are using APCD and other data strategies to advance primary care investment. More

Publication

Rapid Growth, Uncertain Impact: Nurse Practitioners and the Future of Primary Care Access

September 2026
Monica O’Reilly-Jacob, David Auerbach, Alex Hoyt, Hilary Barnes, Bethany A. Croke, Victoria Winogora, Susan Kelly-Weeder and Sean Clarke
This analysis considers the impact of the profession’s rapid growth on access to high-quality primary care, particularly in safety net settings, where NPs already play an outsized role in care delivery. More

Blog Post

Building a Robust Primary Care Workforce: Diffusing Lessons Across States

September 2026
Erin Fraher and Andreas Stomby
In the absence of a national health workforce strategy in the United States, individual states, including Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin, have developed and implemented state-level graduate medical education (GME) strategies to “grow their own” primary care workforce. The challenge will be diffusing the lessons learned from their efforts across states. More

Publication

Putting the Roadmap to a Comprehensive State Graduate Medical Education Strategy into Practice: State Perspectives

July 2026
Lori Rodefeld, Raquel Davis, Erin Fraher, Heidi B. Miller, Shelby Rimmler-Cohen, Mary Alice Scott, Mukesh Adhikari and Emily M. Hawes
Physician workforce shortages are limiting access to health care in nearly every state, with underserved and rural areas facing the greatest shortfalls. More

Blog Post

Sustaining Universal, Preventive-Centered Care Through Neighborhood Nursing

June 2026
André Nogueira, Natalia Barolín and Sarah Szanton
The fragmented multi-payer system in the United States creates powerful disincentives against the evidence-based interventions most likely to improve health and control costs: universal, prevention-centered care delivered where people live, work, and gather. More

Publication

A Roadmap for Building and Implementing a Comprehensive State Graduate Medical Education Strategy: Actionable Steps to Align Investments with Workforce Needs

April 2026
Lori Rodefeld, Emily M. Hawes, Raquel Davis, Shelby Rimmler-Cohen, Heidi B. Miller, Mary Alice Scott, Mukesh Adhikari and Erin Fraher
This evidence-based framework organizes a GME growth strategy into five iterative stages: exploration, strategy development, strategy design, technical assistance, and optimization. More

Blog Post

A Framework for Evaluating Primary Care Investment

March 2026
Kevin Grumbach, Deborah J. Cohen, Stephanie B. Gold, Rebecca S. Etz, Lauren S. Hughes , Robert L. Phillips, Andrew Bazemore, Elisabeth Wilson and Russell S. Phillips
Despite a robust body of evidence demonstrating that strong primary care is foundational to a high-performing health system associated with improved population health, greater equity, and lower overall costs, primary care in the US suffers chronic underinvestment. The United States currently spends only 4 to 5 cents on primary care for every dollar spent on […] More

Publication

Investing in Primary Care: The Missing Strategy in America’s Fight Against Chronic Disease

February 2026
Yalda Jabbarpour, Anuradha Jetty, Hoon Byun, Anam Siddiqi, Jeongyoung Park and Christopher F. Koller
This analysis shows the tangible benefits of primary care access for people with chronic disease, including substantially lower hospitalization rates and health care spending. More

Blog Post

2026 Primary Care Scorecard Shows Continued Underinvestment, Workforce Strain

February 2026
Yalda Jabbarpour
The 2026 Primary Care Scorecard data show incremental, but fragile, gains in the primary care workforce and training pipeline. Financing for primary care continues to stagnate, with national spending levels largely unchanged and far below what is needed. There was considerable state variability for primary care spending and for primary care workforce density. More

News Article

Letter to Congress Supports a 2026 Medicaid Payment Change

December 2025
Christine Haran
In a December 15, 2025, letter to Congressional leaders, The Primary Care Collaborative (PCC) and 49 national and state organizations, including the Milbank Memorial Fund, expressed support for the efficiency adjustment included in the 2026 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. More