²For example, assume a physician’s service for which the Medicare fee schedule amount is $100 (Mitchell and Haber 2004). Assuming the deductible has been reached, Medicare pays $80 and the remaining $20 is paid by the beneficiary’s coinsurance. For dually eligible beneficiaries, Medicaid can pay the full $20, $0, or any amount in between. Providers are not allowed to collect any outstanding cost-sharing from the beneficiary, regardless of the amount paid by Medicaid. [Return to Text]